Автор: Arvanitoyannis I.S.
Издательство: Academic Press
Год издания: 2007
isbn: 0123736544
Количество страниц: 1080
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
The continuously increasing human population, has resulted in a huge demand for processed and packaged foods. As a result of this demand, large amounts of water, air, electricity and fuel are consumed on a daily basis for food processing, transportation and preservation purposes. Although not one of the most heavily polluting, the food industry does contribute to the increase in volume of waste produced as well as to the energy expended to do so. For the first time, nine separate food industry categories are thoroughly investigated in an effort to help combat this already acute problem. The current state of environmental management systems is described, offering comparisons of global legislation rarely found in other resources. An extensive review of commercial equipment, including advantages and disadvantages per employed waste management technique, offers a unique perspective for any academic, student, professional, and/or consultant in the food, agriculture and environmental industries.
Автор: White R.R.
Издательство: Woodhead
Год издания: 2001
isbn: 1855735318
Количество страниц: 300
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
Provides an authoritative review of the environmental impact of modern cities and methods of developing ecological sustainability. Covers all the major functions of the city, discusses its current use of resources such as land, water and air and examines alternative strategies.
Автор: Hatfield J.L. Follett R.F.
Издательство: Academic Press
Год издания: 2008
isbn: 0123743478
Количество страниц: 720
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
Nitrogen is one of the most critical elements for all life forms. In agricultural systems it is essential for the production of crops for feed, food, and fiber. The ever-increasing world population requires increasing use of nitrogen in agriculture to supply human needs for dietary protein. Worldwide demand for nitrogen will increase as a direct response to increasing population.
Nitrogen in the Environment provides a wholistic perspective and comprehensive treatment of nitrogen. The scope of this book is diverse covering a range of topics and issues related to furthering our understanding of nitrogen in the environment at farm and national levels. Issues of nitrogen from its effects on crops and human nutrition to nitrogen in ground water, watersheds, streams, rivers, and coastal marine environments are discussed to provide a broad view of the problem and support scientists, researchers, and engineers in formulating comprehensive solutions.
Автор: Reis S.
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2005
isbn: 978-3-540-43934-9
Количество страниц: 203
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
This book describes the development of cost effective abatement strategies aimed at the control of air pollutant emissions in Europe, with a focus on ground level ozone. The author starts with the air pollution status quo in the late 1990s, discussing the impacts of photooxidant concentrations in the context of other air pollution related effects. Emission sources are then analysed in detail, deriving a scenario for a business-as-usual development of ozone precursor emissions. From a cost-benefit perspective, it is shown that only an integrated assessment of all air pollutants and their effects can achieve a full accounting that reflects synergies and hidden benefits. The modelling scheme identifies emission targets required to achieve compliance with EU thresholds, and calculations reveal the need to review established ozone thresholds and emission limits, in particular in view of the accession of Central and Eastern European nations and the resulting geographic extension.
Автор: Hlavinek P.
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2007
isbn: 140206800X
Количество страниц: 346
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
The topics focused on evaluation of impact of xenobiotics in the whole Urban Water Cycle are an interdisciplinary task which has a rising concern these days. Xenobiotics includes both inorganic elements like heavy metals, metalloids and man-made organic compounds such as pesticides, surfactants, solvents, fragrances, flavours, and pharmaceuticals as well as endocrine disrupters. It has been estimated that 70,000 xenobiotics may potentially be hazardous for humans and/or ecosystems. Water supply, urban drainage and wastewater treatment systems were originally designed to solve just conventional problems such as supply of potable water, flooding prevention and sanitation. The main problem within the conventional urban water cycle approaches is absence of design to deal with xenobiotics. Nowadays can be seen increased focus on rainwater use, wastewater reclamation and reuse in industrial and as well in domestic sector what increase the exposure to xenobiotics. Innovative approaches are therefore needed to prevent xenobiotics from being discharged into surface waters where they may give rise to impacts on the chemical water quality and ecological status of receiving waters as it is already recognized by the EU-Water Framework Directive. Under such circumstances it is needed to assess knowledge gaps within the integrated water management with a particular emphasis on xenobiotics.
Автор: МЛ.Я. Шубов, М.Е. Ставровский, Д.В. Шехирев
Издательство: ГОУВПО "МГУС"
Год издания: 2006
Количество страниц: 410
Язык: русский
Формат: DJVU
Настоящее издание представляет собой фундаментальное изложение технологических основ решения проблемы тверлых бытовых отходов (ТБО) на основе их комплексной переработки, оптимизации системы сбора и удаления. Рассмотрены проблемы утилизации других отходов потребления (автолом, металлолом и др.). Представленный в книге материал рассматривает во взаимосвязи все технологические аспекты обращения с отходами с позиций экологии, экономики, ресурсо- и энергосбережения.
Учебник предназначен для студентов, обучающихся на технических и экологических специальностях; представляет интерес для специалистов, работающих в системе инженерного обеспечения городского хозяйства и использования вторичных ресурсов.
Автор: Jorgensen S.E. Fath B.D.
Издательство: Elsevier
Год издания: 2007
isbn: 0444531602
Количество страниц: 288
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
A New Ecology presents an ecosystem theory based on the following ecosystem properties: physical openness, ontic openness, directionality, connectivity, a complex dynamic for growth and development, and a complex dynamic response to disturbances. Each of these properties is developed in detail to show that these basic and characteristic properties can be applied to explain a wide spectrum of ecological obsevations and convections. It is also shown that the properties have application for environmental management and for assessment of ecosystem health.
Автор: Sarkar B.
Издательство: CRC Press
Год издания: 2002
isbn: 978-0824706302
Количество страниц: 712
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
This book contains 19 chapters discussing the: (1) essentiality and toxicity of metals; (2) analytical tools and speciation analyses of heavy metals and their microscopic analyses; (3) in vitro toxicological screening methods for the biomonitoring of heavy metals; (4) distribution and concentration of both natural and manmade radionuclides and the mechanism of their transfer to plants, animals and humans; (5) metal carcinogenesis, with particular emphasis on known human carcinogens; (6) environmental behaviour of arsenic: a global perspective; and (7) environmental aspects of arsenic toxicity. Individual chapters (8-14) are devoted to selected metals in the environment, including cadmium, chromium, aluminium, nickel, lead, mercury, and molybdenum. Chapter 15 discusses the microbial resistance mechanism of zinc, cadmium, lead, copper, arsenic, and antimony in bacteria. The next chapter examines genetic susceptibility to heavy metals. Selenium, as an essential trace element, a modifier of other toxic elements, an anticarcinogenic agent and a toxicant is discussed in the next chapter. Chapter 18 provides an assessment of the present state of knowledge of the role and biological effects of metal/metalloids utilized in the semiconductor industry. The last chapter describes biosensors for monitoring heavy metals, and how researchers are exploiting various biological mechanisms to determine the amount of bioavailable heavy metal in the natural and industrial environment.
Автор: Клауснитцер Б.
Издательство: Мир
Год издания: 1990
isbn: 5-03-001383-0
Количество страниц: 246
Язык: русский
Формат: DJVU
В книге известного зоолога из ГДР, профессора Лейпцигского университета впервые (для 1990 г.) обобщены сведения о всех группах животных, обитающих в крупных городах. Основой обзора послужили данные изучения наземной фауны восьми городов Европы: Варшавы, Вены, Гамбурга. Лейпцига и др. Наряду с теоретическими обобщениями книга содержит ценный справочный материал, а также рекомендации по охране многих представителей городской фауны. Предназначена для зоологов, экологов, педагогов и лиц, занимающихся планировакнем городских территорий. А так же для всех любителей животного мира.
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