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The First Vertebrates: Oceans of the Paleozoic Era (The Prehistoric Earth) |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Палеонтология. Ископаемые останки |
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Автор: Thom Holmes
Издательство: Chelsea House Publications
Год издания: 2008
isbn: 0816059586
Количество страниц: 188
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Vertebrates are the most familiar of all animals on Earth, with humans being but one of about 45,000 species of living vertebrates. The rise of the first vertebrates is synonymous with the Paleozoic Era, a span of increasing ecological complexity where the first explosion of life occurred in the seas. In this fully illustrated volume, "The First Vertebrates" examines the dramatic rise of vertebrate life in the Paleozoic seas with the development of early fish, including jawless fish, fish with teeth and jaws, early sharks and other cartilaginous fish, and bony fish, the ancestors of present-day fish species. |
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Early Life: The Cambrian Period (The Prehistoric Earth) |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Палеонтология. Ископаемые останки |
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Автор: Thom Holmes
Издательство: Chelsea House Publications
Год издания: 2008
isbn: 0816059578
Количество страниц: 224
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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The first bursts of life found in the fossil record were single-celled bacteria and algae, the foundation of life that led to the extraordinary cavalcade of organisms that have walked the stage of Earth ever since. From the initial signs of life in the Precambrian Period to the end of the Cambrian Period about 488 million years ago, "Early Life" explores the development of early life that culminated in one of the most extraordinary periods in the evolution of life on Earth. Characterized as a "biological big bang," the Cambrian Period was a relatively short span of time during which nearly all basic forms of animal life that still exist first appear in the fossil record of the ancient oceans. Alien-looking marine creatures developed in the oceans, and the first predators began hunting down other species in a biological "arms race" that pitted elegant strategies for defense against increasingly efficient means of attack. |
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The Rise of Mammals: The Paleocene & Eocene Epochs (The Prehistoric Earth) |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Палеонтология. Ископаемые останки |
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Автор: Thom Holmes
Издательство: Chelsea House Publications
Год издания: 2008
isbn: 0816059632
Количество страниц: 163
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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The Paleocene epoch was a time of recovery for mammals and birds, survivors of the Mesozoic era. As the Earth continued to change as the continents drifted further apart, it was a world of evolutionary experiments, as birds and mammals each found ways to fill the ecological gaps left vacant by the disappearance of the dinosaurs. "The Rise of Mammals" details the pattern of bird and mammal evolution prior to the Cenozoic era as well as the critical first 10-million-year span of the Cenozoic known as the Paleocene epoch, during which mammals and birds rapidly adapted to the new ecological conditions. By the end of the Paleocene epoch, the roots of most modern birds and mammal families had been set, forging a series of divergent and specialized paths that continue to radiate some 55 million years later. |
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The Age of Mammals: The Oligocene & Miocene Epochs (The Prehistoric Earth) |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Палеонтология. Ископаемые останки |
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Автор: Thom Holmes
Издательство: Chelsea House Publications
Год издания: 2008
isbn: 0816059640
Количество страниц: 190
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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About 15 million years ago, the diversity of mammals worldwide reached an astounding peak. As the continental landmasses shifted and temperate climates encouraged flowering plants, woodlands, and grasses to grow in abundance, mammals stepped into ecological niches left vacant by the extinction of the dinosaurs. The Oligocene and Miocene epochs saw the foundations of modern-day mammal groups. Adaptations of the jaw, teeth, skull, limbs, and other traits led to mammals that were better adapted for every mode of life. The Age of Mammals explains how mammals and birds increased their collective footprint to dominate the Earth, and how they evolved to present-day form.
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