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A Tapestry of Orbits |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Desmond King-Hele
Издательство: Cambridge University Press
Год издания: 2005
isbn: 0521017327
Количество страниц: 256
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Satellites as they cross the night sky look like moving stars, which can be accurately tracked by an observer with binoculars as well as by giant radars and large cameras. These observations help to determine the satellite's orbit, which is sensitive to the drag of the upper atmosphere and to any irregularities in the gravity field of the Earth. Analysis of the orbit can be used to evaluate the density of the upper atmosphere and to define the shape of the Earth. Desmond King-Hele was the pioneer of this technique of orbit analysis, and this book tells us how the research began, before the launch of Sputnik in 1957. For thirty years King-Hele and his colleagues at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, developed and applied the technique to reveal much about the Earth and air at a very modest cost. In the 1960s the upper-atmosphere density was thoroughly mapped out for 100 to 2000 km, revealing immense variation of density with solar activity and between day and night. In the 1970s and 1980s a picture of the upper-atmosphere winds emerged, and the profile of the pear-shaped Earth was accurately charted. The number of satellites now orbiting the earth is over 5000. This book is the story of how this inexpensive research of their orbits developed to yield a rich harvest of knowledge about the Earth and its atmosphere, in a scientific narrative that is enlivened with many personal experiences. |
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Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics V (Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings) |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Jose M. Diego, Luis J. Goicoechea, J. Ignacio González-Serrano, Javier Gorgas
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 3642112498
Количество страниц: 566
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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This volume collects the invited contributions and plenary sessions presented at the Eighth Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society (Sociedad Española de Astronomía, SEA) held on July 7-11, 2008 in Santander. These contributions cover all fields of astronomy and astrophysics, i.e., the Sun and solar system, the galaxy and its components, galaxies and cosmology, observatories and instrumentation, as well as astronomy teaching and dissemination. Further plenary sessions were devoted to selected hot topics, including the exploration of the solar system, gravitational lensing, exoplanets, X-ray binaries, solar magnetism, gravitational waves, the ALHAMBRA collaboration, and the OSIRIS instrument on the new 10-m GTC. Abstracts of the contributions presented at the parallels sessions and posters are also included in the book. Complete versions of those papers are available online. |
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Martian Outpost: The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on Mars |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Erik Seedhouse
Издательство: Praxis
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 038798190X
Количество страниц: 304
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Martian Outpost provides a detailed insight into the various technologies, mission architectures, medical requirements, and training needed to send humans to Mars. It focuses on mission objectives and benefits, and the risks and complexities that are compounded when linked to an overall planet exploration program involving several expeditions and setting up a permanent presence on the surface.
The first section provides the background to sending a human mission to Mars. Analogies are made with early polar exploration and the expeditions of Shackleton, Amundsen, and Mawson. The interplanetary plans of the European Space Agency, NASA, and Russia are examined, including the possibility of one or more nations joining forces to send humans to Mars. Current mission architectures, such as NASA’s Constellation, ESA’s Aurora, and Ross Tierney’s DIRECT, are described and evaluated
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Орбитальные станции. Что есть что |
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Категория: Детский уголок » Научно-познавательная литература » Серия «Что есть Что» |
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Автор: Станислав Зигуненко
Издательство: Слово
Год издания: 2001
isbn: 5-85050-499-0
Количество страниц: 51
Язык: русский
Формат: DJVU
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Эта книга из серии `Что есть что` рассказывает об истории создания орбитальных станций от проектов родоначальника российской космонавтики К.Э.Циолковского до Международной космической станции, о том, какие технические проблемы пришлось решать конструкторам, и о специфике жизни космонавтов на орбите. Для детей школьного возраста. |
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Год в «Звездолете» |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Божко А.Н. Городинская В.С.
Издательство: Молодая гвардия
Год издания: 1975
Количество страниц: 160
Язык: русский
Формат: DJVU
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Три человека целый год провели в герметическом помещении, имитирующем кабину космического корабля. Они испытывали не только работу систем жизнеобеспечения экипажей кораблей, но и возможности человеческого организма переносить длительные космические полеты. Об этом эксперименте и рассказывают А.Божко - биолог, один из непосредственных участников эксперимента, и В.Городинская - журналист, член группы обеспечения эксперимента. |
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Deep Space Craft: An Overview of Interplanetary Flight |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Dave Doody
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 3540895094
Количество страниц: 440
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Deep Space Craft opens the door to interplanetary flight. It looks at this world from the vantage point of real operations on a specific mission, and follows a natural trail from the day-to-day working of this particular spacecraft, through the functioning of all spacecraft to the collaboration of the various disciplines to produce the results for which a spacecraft is designed. These results are of course mostly of a scientific nature, although a small number of interplanetary missions are also flown primarily to test and prove new engineering techniques. The author shows how, in order to make sense of all the scientific data coming back to Earth, the need for experiments and instrumentation arises, and follows the design and construction of the instruments through to their placement and testing on a spacecraft prior to launch. Examples are given of the interaction between an instrument’s science team and the mission’s flight team to plan and specify observations, gather and analyze data in flight, and finally present the results and discoveries to the scientific community.
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The New Space Race: China vs. USA |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Erik Seedhouse
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 144190879X
Количество страниц: 256
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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The world’s most populous nation views space as an asset, not only from a technological and commercial perspective, but also from a political and militaristic one. The repercussions of this ideology already extend far beyond Washington. China vs. United States offers a glimpse of future Chinese aspirations in space and the politico-militaristic implications of a looming space race, and explains why an interplanetary spaceship called the Tsien Hsue Shen might one day travel to the outer planets.
Until China successfully launched taikonauts into orbit, China’s space program had attracted little international attention. The book opens with an analysis of the short fifteen-year history of the China National Space Administration and its long list of accomplishments. Chapter 2 assesses Sino-U.S. technological and commercial interests in space and their implications in fuelling a potential space race. The national security objectives of the U.S. and China are examined, showing how their intentions are increasingly leading to the military integration of space technologies. Chapter 3 describes China’s anxieties about U.S. space power, its obsession with national prestige, and how manned spaceflight is viewed as a crucial element to sustain the legitimacy of the Communist Party. China is currently focusing on similar goals to those of NASA’s Constellation Program - lunar and Mars exploration. The following chapter examines the ambitious plans of both nations, and evaluates whether China’s bold goal of landing taikonauts on the Moon by 2020 is matched by the necessary capability. |
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Cosmic Collisions: The Hubble Atlas of Merging Galaxies |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Lars Lindberg Christensen, Davide Martin, Raquel Yumi Shida
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 0387938532
Количество страниц: 142
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Like no other telescope ever invented, the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope has given us magnificent high resolution views of the gigantic cosmic collisions between galaxies. Hubble's images are snapshots in time and catch the colliding galaxies in different stages of collision. Thanks to a new and amazing set of 60 Hubble images, for the first time these different stages can be put together to form a still-frame movielike montage showing the incredible processes taking place as galaxies collide and merge.
The significance of these cosmic encounters reaches far beyond aesthetics. Galaxy mergers may, in fact, be some of the most important processes that shape our universe. Colliding galaxies very likely, hold some of the most important clues to our cosmic past and to our destiny. It now seems clear that the Milky Way is continuously undergoing merging events, some small scale, others on a gigantic scale. And the importance of this process in the lives of galaxies is much greater than what was previously thought. |
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Protoplanetary Dust: Astrophysical and Cosmochemical Perspectives (Cambridge Planetary Science, 12) |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Dániel Apai, Dante S. Lauretta
Издательство: Cambridge University Press
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 0521517729
Количество страниц: 396
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Planet formation studies uniquely benefit from three disciplines: astronomical observations of extrasolar planet-forming disks, analysis of material from the early Solar System, and laboratory astrophysics experiments. Pre-planetary solids, fine dust, and chondritic components are central elements linking these studies. This book is the first comprehensive overview of planet formation, in which astronomers, cosmochemists, and laboratory astrophysicists jointly discuss the latest insights from the Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes, new interferometers, space missions including Stardust and Deep Impact, and laboratory techniques. Following the evolution of solids from their genesis through protoplanetary disks to rocky planets, the book discusses in detail how the latest results from these disciplines fit into a coherent picture. This volume provides a clear introduction and valuable reference for students and researchers in astronomy, cosmochemistry, laboratory astrophysics, and planetary sciences. |
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Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak and Micro: Saas-Fee Advanced Course 33 (Saas-Fee Advanced Courses) |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: Peter Schneider, Christopher Kochanek, Joachim Wambsganss
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2006
isbn: 354030309X
Количество страниц: 552
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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The theory, observations, and applications of gravitational lensing constitute one of the most rapidly growing branches of astrophysics. The gravitational deflection of light generated by mass concentrations along a light path produces magnification, multiplicity, and distortion of images and delays photon propagation from one line of sight relative to another. The huge amount of scientific work produced over the last decade on gravitational lensing has clearly revealed its already substantial and wide impact and its potential for future astrophysical applications.
The up-to-date contributions in this book are based on the lecture notes of the 33rd Saas–Fee Advanced Course of the Swiss Society of Astronomy and Astrophysics, entitled Gravitational Lensing: Strong, Weak, and Micro. The book comprises four complementary parts, written by leading experts in the field, constituting a genuine textbook about gravitational lensing.
Students and researchers alike will benefit from this comprehensive presentation of the astrophysical and astronomical aspects of gravitational lensing.
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