| |
The Mystery of Numbers |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Annemarie Schimmel
Издательство: Oxford University Press
Год издания: 1993
isbn: 0195063031
Количество страниц: 325
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
|
Why is the number seven lucky--even holy--in almost every culture? Why do we speak of the four corners of the earth? Why do cats have nine lives (except in Iran, where they have seven)? From literature to folklore to private superstitions, numbers play a conspicuous role in our daily lives. But in this fascinating book, Annemarie Schimmel shows that numbers have been filled with mystery and meaning since the earliest times, and across every society. In The Mystery of Numbers Annemarie Schimmel conducts an illuminating tour of the mysteries attributed to numbers over the centuries. She begins with an informative and often surprising introduction to the origins of number systems: pre-Roman Europeans, for example, may have had one based on twenty, not ten (as suggested by the English word "score" and the French word for 80, quatrevingt --four times twenty), while the Mayans had a system more sophisticated than our own. Schimmel also reveals how our fascination with numbers has led to a rich cross-fertilization of mathematical knowledge: "Arabic" numerals, for instance, were picked up by Europe from the Arabs, who had earlier adopted them from Indian sources ("Algorithm" and "algebra" are corruptions of the Arabic author and title names of a mathematical text prized in medieval Europe). But the heart of the book is an engrossing guide to the symbolism of numbers. Number symbolism, she shows, has deep roots in Western culture, from the philosophy of the Pythagoreans and Platonists, to the religious mysticism of the Cabala and the Islamic Brethren of Purity, to Kepler's belief that the laws of planetary motion should be mathematically elegant, to the unlucky thirteen. After exploring the sources of number symbolism, Schimmel examines individual numbers ranging from one to ten thousand, discussing the meanings they have had for Judaic, Christian, and Islamic traditions, with examples from Indian, Chinese, and Native American cultures as well. Two, for instance, has widely been seen as a number of contradiction and polarity, a number of discord and antithesis. And six, according to ancient and neo-platonic thinking, is the most perfect number because it is both the sum and the product of its parts (1+2+3=6 and 1x2x3=6). Using examples ranging from the Bible to the Mayans to Shakespeare, she shows how numbers have been considered feminine and masculine, holy and evil, lucky and unlucky. A highly respected scholar of Islamic culture, Annemarie Schimmel draws on her vast knowledge to paint a rich, cross-cultural portrait of the many meanings of numbers. Engaging and accessible, her account uncovers the roots of a phenomenon we all feel every Friday the thirteenth. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Рождение новой математики |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Никифоровский В.А., Фрейман Л.С.
Издательство: Наука
Год издания: 1976
Количество страниц: 202
Язык: русский
Формат: DJVU
|
О том, как разрабатывались основы новой математики в первой половине XVII в., в книге рассказывается на примере творчества Декарта, Ферма, Торричелли и Роберваля. Эти ученые участвовали в создании дифференциального и интегрального исчислений, окончательно оформленных и завершенных позднее Ньютоном и Лейбницем. Показано развитие основных математических идей от древности до XVII в., а также преемственность этих идей в работах творцов науки нового времени. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
What Is Mathematics? An Elementary Approach to Ideas and Methods |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Richard Courant, Herbert Robbins
Издательство: Oxford University Press
Год издания: 1996
isbn: 0195105192
Количество страниц: 591
Язык: english
Формат: DJVU
|
For more than two thousand years a familiarity with mathematics has been regarded as an indispensable part of the intellectual equipment of every cultured person. Today, unfortunately, the traditional place of mathematics in education is in grave danger. The teaching and learning of mathematics has degenerated into the realm of rote memorization, the outcome of which leads to satisfactory formal ability but does not lead to real understanding or to greater intellectual independence. This new edition of Richard Courant's and Herbert Robbins's classic work seeks to address this problem. Its goal is to put the meaning back into mathematics. Written for beginners and scholars, for students and teachers, for philosophers and engineers, What is Mathematics?, Second Edition is a sparkling collection of mathematical gems that offers an entertaining and accessible portrait of the mathematical world. Covering everything from natural numbers and the number system to geometrical constructions and projective geometry, from topology and calculus to matters of principle and the Continuum Hypothesis, this fascinating survey allows readers to delve into mathematics as an organic whole rather than an empty drill in problem solving. With chapters largely independent of one another and sections that lead upward from basic to more advanced discussions, readers can easily pick and choose areas of particular interest without impairing their understanding of subsequent parts. Brought up to date with a new chapter by Ian Stewart, What is Mathematics?, Second Edition offers new insights into recent mathematical developments and describes proofs of the Four-Color Theorem and Fermat's Last Theorem, problems that were still open when Courant and Robbins wrote this masterpiece, but ones that have since been solved. Formal mathematics is like spelling and grammar--a matter of the correct application of local rules. Meaningful mathematics is like journalism--it tells an interesting story. But unlike some journalism, the story has to be true. The best mathematics is like literature--it brings a story to life before your eyes and involves you in it, intellectually and emotionally. What is Mathematics is like a fine piece of literature--it opens a window onto the world of mathematics for anyone interested to view. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Science Fiction Puzzle Tales |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Martin Gardner
Издательство: Clarkson N. Potter
Год издания: 1981
isbn: 051754380X, 0517543818
Количество страниц: 156
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
|
There are 36 puzzles. Each begins with a one or two paragraph "story" which is "kind-of" Sci-Fi. The story describes a situation or event. And then one or more questions are posed. In the answer section for many of them, an additional question is posed on the same "story." So each initial puzzle has up to three variations with solutions. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
The Unexpected Hanging and Other Mathematical Diversions |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Martin Gardner
Издательство: University Of Chicago Press
Год издания: 1991
isbn: 0226282562
Количество страниц: 262
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
|
Seasoned with Gardner's interest in the history and philosophy of science, this delightful book is a treasure-trove of puzzles, anecdotes, games, and logical theory. These intriguing problems, collected from Gardner's Scientific American columns, involve knots, interlocking rings, rotations and reflections, logical paradox, two-dimensional universes, chess strategies, and gambling odds". Gardner conjures problems that are both profound and silly; exquisite truths and outrageous absurdities; paradoxes, anagrams, palindromes and party tricks. . . . He knows, better than most, how many amazing true things there are in the world". |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Mathematics: Its Magic and Mastery |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Aaron Bakst
Издательство: D. Van Nostrand Company
Год издания: 1945
Количество страниц: 804
Язык: english
Формат: DJVU
|
This book is a great way to learn some of the interesting aspects of numbers. Among some of the subjects covered include numbering systems, ciphers, angles, dimensions, and of course, algebra. This book is designed to make mathematics interesting. The science is not treated formally; abstract conceptions and uninteresting and abstruse procedures are completely avoided; yet at the same time the book is sufficiently complete so as to give a broad picture of mathematical fundamentals. Mathematics, in order to be appreciated by those who do not have a flare for the intangible must be seen in the light of its versatility in the various fields of human endeavor. This is very much the central theme of this book. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
More Joy of Mathematics: Exploring Mathematics All Around You |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Theoni Pappas
Издательство: Wide World Publishing/Tetra
Год издания: 1991
isbn: 093317473X
Количество страниц: 305
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
|
This sequel to the popular title furthers a reader's appreciation of just how mathematics is connected to the everyday world--and how a grasp of essential concepts can enrich one's life in innumerable ways. This fresh and lively approach to mathematics--appealing even to those who are intimidated by the world of numbers--unlocks the pleasures, mysteries, and practical applications of hundreds of mathematical concepts. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Magic Cubes: New Recreations (Dover Recreational Math) |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: William H. Benson, Oswald Jacoby
Издательство: Dover Publications
Год издания: 1981
isbn: 0486241408
Количество страниц: 152
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
|
The magic square experts apply their wits to magic cubes. You need no advanced mathematical knowledge to construct these three-dimensional mind bogglers; including pandiagonal and perfect cubes — many entirely new constructions, too. Hours of enjoyment for beginning and advanced magic-cube buffs. 111 figures. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Математика. 1-4 классы. Контрольные работы |
|
|
Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Математика, геометрия, статистика |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: Волкова С.И.
Издательство: Просвещение
Год издания: 2014
Количество страниц: 80
Язык: русский
Формат: PDF
|
Предлагаемое пособие содержит комплекты тематических и итоговых работ по каждому году обучения. Письменные контрольные работы представлены для всех четырех классов, в четырех равноценных вариантах. Приводятся формулировки целей проведения контроля, а для итоговых работ по каждому году обучения даются схемы качественного анализа. Пособие составлено в полном соответствии с концепцией, программой и комплектом учебно-методических пособий по математике, разработанных коллективом авторов под руководством М.И.Моро. |
|
| |
|
|
| |
Занимательные головоломки (2013 No.46) |
|
|
Категория: Научные журналы, Головоломки, фокусы, задачи |
|
| |
| |
| |
|
Автор: коллектив
Издательство: DeAgostini
Год издания: 2013
Количество страниц: 20
Язык: русский
Формат: PDF
|
Познавательно-развлекательный журнал о математике и головоломках, о применении математики в повседневной жизни, об истории этой науки, великих ученых, загадках и разгадках головоломок и многом другом. Каждый выпуск включает в себя пять разделов, которые позволят взглянуть на математику с неожиданной точки зрения - как на увлекательный мир, в котором нет места скуке. |
|
| |
|
|
|
ПОСТУПЛЕНИЯ
РУБРИКАТОР
Подробнее и с комментариями (0)
