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Сборник материалов, относящихся к истории Золотой Орды. Том I |
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Категория: Гуманитарные науки » Исторические науки » Всемирная история, древний мир |
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Автор: Тизенгаузен В.Г.
Издательство: Санкт-Петербург
Год издания: 1884
Количество страниц: 588
Язык: русский
Формат: PDF
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Первый том обширного труда по составлению восточных средневековых источников, посвященных истории Золотой Орды |
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By Parallel Reasoning |
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Категория: Гуманитарные науки » Философия |
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Автор: Paul Bartha
Издательство: Oxford University Press,
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 0195325532
Количество страниц: 376
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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By Parallel Reasoning is the first comprehensive philosophical examination of analogical reasoning in more than forty years designed to formulate and justify standards for the critical evaluation of analogical arguments. It proposes a normative theory with special focus on the use of analogies in mathematics and science.
In recent decades, research on analogy has been dominated by computational theories whose objective has been to model analogical reasoning as a psychological process. These theories have devoted little attention to normative questions. In this book Bartha proposes that a good analogical argument must articulate a clear relationship that is capable of generalization. This idea leads to a set of distinct models for the critical analysis of prominent forms of analogical argument. The same core principle makes it possible to relate analogical reasoning to norms and values of scientific practice. Reasoning by analogy is justified because it strikes an optimal balance between conservative values, such as simplicity and coherence, and progressive values, such as fruitfulness and theoretical unification. Analogical arguments are also justified by appeal to symmetry--like cases are to be treated alike. |
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Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf: The Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Биохимия. Биофизика |
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Автор: Toshihiko Yamada, German Spangenberg
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2008
isbn: 0387791434
Количество страниц: 352
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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The 5th International Symposium on the Molecular Breeding of Forage and Turf covers all aspects of molecular breeding of forage and turf plants, from gene discovery, functional genomics, molecular genetics and marker technology, marker-assisted selection, transgenesis to transgenic molecular breeding; address applications - among others - for enhanced quality, tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses; relating to forage grasses, forage legumes, their bacterial and fungal endosymbionts, as well as turf grasses.
The Symposium includes keynote presentations from international science leaders in the above fields and offer abstracts in the following topics - breeding and functional genomics for tolerance to biotic stress, - Molecular breeding and functional genomics for tolerance to abiotic stress, - Molecular genetics and modification of flowering and reproductive development, - Genomics of plant-symbiont relations, - Molecular breeding for animal, human and environmental welfare, - Development and Application of molecular technologies in forage and turf improvement, - Bioinformatics-bringing data to a usable form for breeders, - Population and quantitative genetic aspects of molecular breeding, - Gene manipulation, field testing, risk assessment and biosafety, - Intellectual property rights for molecular tools or marker systems. |
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The Networking of Chaperones by Co-chaperones (Molecular Biology Intelligence Unit) |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Биохимия. Биофизика |
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Автор: Gregory L. Blatch
Издательство: Springer
Год издания: 2007
isbn: 0387493085
Количество страниц: 139
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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"The Networking of Chaperones by Co-chaperones" updates the current understanding of how chaperones are regulated and networked, and is a resource for those in the specialized field of cell stress and chaperones. The book will also be of interest to those in broader cross-cutting field such as cellular networks and systems biology.
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Integrative Psychiatry (Weil Integrative Medicine Library) |
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Категория: Медицина, здравоохранение, Психопатология, сексопатология |
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Автор: Daniel A. Monti MD, Bernard D. Beitman MD
Издательство: Oxford University Press,
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 0195388372
Количество страниц: 512
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Contemporary psychiatry is a field that is especially conducive to the principles of integrative medicine. With the exception of a few disorders, such as schizophrenia, most psychiatric disorders respond to interventions other than drugs. Patients who have not tolerated or not responded optimally to traditional treatments are also good candidates for integrative treatments. Additionally, herbals such as St. John's wort for the treatment of depression and ginkgo for the treatment of memory impairment in dementia have been found effective in traditional clinical trials. Patients' use of alternative and complementary therapies in psychiatry has created a need for physicians to become informed about these treatments, to advise patients on their efficacy, and to be able to make judgments on integrating these therapies into existing regimens, including discussions of such issues as potential drug-herb interactions. |
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Integrative Pediatrics (Weil Integrative Medicine Library) |
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Категория: Медицина, здравоохранение, Прочая медицинская литература |
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Автор: Timothy Culbert, Karen Olness
Издательство: Oxford University Press
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 0195384725
Количество страниц: 720
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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There is ample evidence that children and adolescents in large numbers are actively using integrative (complementary and alternative) therapies. Various studies now indicate that over 50% of pediatricians surveyed would refer a patient for integrative therapy, and they would welcome more natural therapies for children provided they were safe and effective. However, there has been little training for pediatricians in this area. Integrative Pediatrics addresses these issues and provides guidelines for pediatricians, parents, and general audiences in a balanced, evidence-based manner.
In this volume in the Weil Integrative Medicine Library series, the authors describe a rational and evidence-based approach to the integrative therapy of childhood disorders and well-child care, integrating the principles of alternative and complementary therapies into the principles and practice of conventional pediatrics. The authors examine what works and what doesn't and offer practical guidelines for physicians to incorporate integrative medicine into their practice and how to advise patients and their parents on reasonable and effective therapies. The text also covers areas of controversy and identifies areas of uncertainty where future research is needed. Chapters also cite the best available evidence for both safety and efficacy of all therapies discussed |
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Время Ивана Грозного. XVI в. |
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Категория: Гуманитарные науки » Исторические науки » Отечественная история |
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Автор: коллектив
Издательство: Олма Медиа Групп
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 978-5-373-03063-2
Количество страниц: 272
Язык: русский
Формат: DJVU
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Книга "Время Ивана Грозного. XVI век" продолжает серию "Россия - путь сквозь века". В ней рассказывается о событиях, происходивших в Московском государстве в течение бурного XVI века. В это время в России правил царь Иван IV Васильевич - личность сложная, противоречивая и неоднозначная. При нем расширилась территория Русского государства, выросли новые города, были проведены значительные реформы во многих областях жизни страны. Однако неуравновешенный и жестокий царь не раз сотрясал основы общества то введением опричнины, то жестокими казнями, то непредсказуемыми действиями.
Каким же было время Ивана Грозного? Как оценить личность и деяния первого русского царя? На эти вопросы вам поможет ответить данная книга.
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Living Buddhas: The Self-Mummified Monks of Yamagata, Japan |
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Категория: Всемирная история, древний мир, Историография |
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Автор: Ken Jeremiah
Издательство: McFarland & Company
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 0786448806
Количество страниц: 236
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Northern Japan is home to an ancient, esoteric tradition of self-mummifying Buddhist monks, a tradition little known to the outside world. Long after death, these ascetics continue to be revered as living Buddhas. This first English-language work on the subject recounts the process by which these monks starve themselves for a decade, bury themselves alive with only a small breathing tube, and meditate until death. After three years, the mummified body is exhumed and displayed. The biographies of various monks are presented within this history of self-mummification, as is an examination of the religious beliefs involved, an amalgamation of three distinct religious traditions. Also explored is the role of asceticism in religion, and beliefs about life and death shared by the Buddhist sects involved in self-mummification.
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Frommer's Lake District Day By Day (Frommer's Day By Day Series) |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Науки о Земле » География, путешествия, путеводители |
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Автор: Louise McGrath
Издательство: Frommers
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 0470715553
Количество страниц: 209
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Enjoy your holiday in the Lake District with this handy practical guide. Through the use of special-interest tours in the books, travellers are able to get a good idea of the geography of the area before exploring it in an interesting way, giving people some surprising choices for what to see and do, that they might not have thought to consider normally.
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Image and Reality: Kekule, Kopp, and the Scientific Imagination (Synthesis) |
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Категория: Всемирная история, древний мир, Историография |
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Автор: Alan J. Rocke
Издательство: University Of Chicago Press
Год издания: 2010
isbn: 0226723321
Количество страниц: 416
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Nineteenth-century chemists were faced with a particular problem: how to depict the atoms and molecules that are beyond the direct reach of our bodily senses. In visualizing this microworld, these scientists were the first to move beyond high-level philosophical speculations regarding the unseen. In Image and Reality, Alan Rocke focuses on the community of organic chemists in Germany to provide the basis for a fuller understanding of the nature of scientific creativity.
Arguing that visual mental images regularly assisted many of these scientists in thinking through old problems and new possibilities, Rocke uses a variety of sources, including private correspondence, diagrams and illustrations, scientific papers, and public statements, to investigate their ability to not only imagine the invisibly tiny atoms and molecules upon which they operated daily, but to build detailed and empirically based pictures of how all of the atoms in complicated molecules were interconnected. These portrayals of “chemical structures,” both as mental images and as paper tools, gradually became an accepted part of science during these years and are now regarded as one of the central defining features of chemistry. In telling this fascinating story in a manner accessible to the lay reader, Rocke also suggests that imagistic thinking is often at the heart of creative thinking in all fields |
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