Автор: Kenneth Munson
Издательство: Blandford Press
Год издания: 1977
isbn: 0713706328
Количество страниц: 187
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
It is difficult to establish with certainty when bombs were first dropped from an aeroplane in the furtherance of a military campaign, but the earliest recorded occasion was on i November 1911, when Giulio Gavotti of the Squadriglia di Tripoli, flying a Rumpler Taube of the Italian Air Service, released four small bombs over the North African townships of Tagiura and Ain Zara. At any rate it is certain that, as a type, the use of the aeroplane as a bomber antedated the fighter by several years, for machines capable of such activity were in service or being designed some time before the outbreak of World War 1. One of the leading types at this time was the French Voisin, and the first bombing attack of the war was made by Voisins of the Aviation Militaire which bombed the Zeppelin hangars at Metz-Frascaty on 14 August 1914. During the early part of the war Germany and Austro-Hungary relied almost exclusively upon the Zeppelin airship as their main vehicle for bombing raids, and many of the first offensive sorties made by the Allies were directed at the factories or airfield sites where these 'monsters of the purple twilight' were built or housed. Before the end of 1914 a few successful bombing raids were also carried out by aircraft of the Royal Naval Air Service. It is probably fair to say that their morale value was higher than that of the actual destruction caused, for they were made mostly by small aircraft carrying only a modest load of the lightest bombs.
Автор: Jon Lake
Издательство: Amber Books
Год издания: 2000
isbn: 1552670074
Количество страниц: 261
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
One of the most pervasive views of the Battle of Britain was that heavily out-numbered but superior British pilots won their victory against overwhelming German forces through grit, courage and skill alone. This common perception, still widely held, also lays great stress on the wartime propagandist belief that the German fighter pilots were no match for their opponents. Yet it is worth reinvestigating the truth of what actually happened, as the Battle was in many ways a victory for the RAF's cautious tactics, tactics that ensured the survival of a Fighter Command which, though more than equal in courage and determination, was no match for the Germans when it came to combat experience and tactical expertise. The Battle was a 'close run thing', and if we ignore the German bomber losses, the Jagdwaffe caused greater damage than it sustained from Fighter Command. There are nearly as many interpretations of the Battle, and its significance, as there are books about the subject. Many of the issues remain matters of great controversy amongst historians and academics, and even among the survivors of those who fought. Most books have tended to 'take sides' and few offer a balanced view of the battle and the arguments surrounding it. This book is therefore intended both as a straightforward narrative history of the Battle, but also as a guide to some of the controversies and arguments.
Автор: James Goulding, Philip Moyes
Издательство: Ian Allan Publishing
Год издания: 1975
isbn: 071100627X
Количество страниц: 155
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
This is the first of a two-volume work whose chief aim is to tell the story of RAF Bomber Command from its foundations in 1936 until the end of World War II, with particular emphasis on the bombers themselves, including some fascinating color material. Specifically with modelers in mind, the authors have included a special chapter on the engrossing subject of bomber camouflage and markings.
Автор: Horst Scheibert
Издательство: Podzun-Pallas-Verlag
Год издания: 1991
isbn: 3790904171
Количество страниц: 51
Язык: другой
Формат: PDF (scan)
Язык: немецкий Bereits im Frühjahr 1943. nach dem ersten Einsatz der Panzer VI (Tiger I) und nach Abzeichnung der Produktionsreife des "Panther" sowie der Planung eines "Panther II", verlangte das Waffenamt zur Vereinfachung der Fertigung und des Ersatzteilwesens eine weitgehende Angleichung von Baugruppen. Da außerdem der erste Einsatz des Tiger I die Erfahrungen erbrachte, mehr schußabweisende Formen einzuführen, entstand ein neuer Tigertyp. der Tiger II, auch "Königstiger" genannt. Er ging zu Beginn 1944 bei Henschel in Serie. Der Einbau einer längeren 8,8-cm-KwK (L/71 statt L/56) des Tiger I) erzwang ein anderes Laufwerk. Dies alles in Verbindung zu einer etwas stärkeren Panzerimg führte aber zu einer Gewichtszunahme von 11 t gegenüber dem Tiger I.
Автор: Peter M. Bowers
Издательство: Arco
Год издания: 1971
isbn: 0668024038
Количество страниц: 98
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
Peter Bowers started collecting aviation documents in 1928. Since that time, he has amassed an outstanding library of reference material. While a student at the Boeing School of Aeronautics in 1940 he started an airplane photo negative collection that is now one of the largest in the world, containing nearly 50,000 individually filed negatives. From this vast collection, the photos in this book were drawn. This volume of Forgotten Fighters is the second in the series.
Автор: Robert F. Dorr
Издательство: Blandford Press
Год издания: 1988
isbn: 0713719486
Количество страниц: 130
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
This pictorial survey offers a very special collection of rare photographs, many featuring airraft 'in action', along with the author's pertinent captioning which succinctly describes the role of each aircraft and its position in the evolution of modern air warfare. By covering prototypes, adapted designs and lesser marks and referring to the full range of post-war theatres of air action, Robert Dorr has compiled a valuable illustrated reference for enthusiasts, historians, modellers and preservationists.
Автор: John M. Dibbs, Michael F. Jerram
Издательство: Osprey Publishing
Год издания: 1995
isbn: 1855324989
Количество страниц: 145
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
From the Osprey Military Aircraft series, a highly visual celebration of the Hawker Hurricane, the RAF's first monoplane fighter, which features photographs of surviving models both on the ground and in the air, with an accompanying text.
Автор: Sergio Bellabarba
Издательство: Conway Maritime Press
Год издания: 1989
isbn: 0851774962
Количество страниц: 129
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
This book has been written principally for makers of ship models. In fact the research which forms the bulk of the material contained here was begun many years ago with the sole purpose of building a model of Royal Caroline, with Plate XLIX of Chapman's Architectura Navails Mercatoria as the only available item of information. In addition to the most detailed plans, we have sought to provide as much information as possible concerning the ship's history and, within the limits of the available space, the contemporary construction techniques and fitting-out procedures, with particular reference to rigging. Given the quality of British specialist publications (recently in particular) on British seamanship and individual ships, it is unusual for foreign authors to venture into a subject like this for such a demanding public. The fact is, however, that once our initial orientation difficulties were overcome, the existence in Great Britain of institutions which are a model of efficiency, such as the Public Records Office, the National Maritime Museum and the Royal Archives, have made our research much easier. We wish once more to express our gratitude to these institutions, as we did in the Italian edition of the book, and particularly to: NAM Rodger of the Public Records Office, DJ Lyon, James Lees and Alan McGowan of the National Maritime Museum. Finally we wish to explain why we have made some use of the metric system in dealing with a subject like this where the old systems of measurement are still widely used by modelmakers in English-speaking countries. This particularly concerns the thickness of the rigging, which contemporary writers expressed in inches of circumference. We had laboriously converted these to diameters in the metric system for the Italian edition and it seemed a cumbersome and perhaps misleading operation to reverse the process. References to practices in Continental navies and to the development of rigging were much more plentiful in the text and footnotes of the Italian edition. English language readers have a wealth of specialised works available on this matter which anyone wishing to widen his knowledge of naval history can consult. We will refer the reader to them, but we wish to mention expressly those which we have found most useful in our work, namely Masting and Rigging ofEnglish Ships of War by James Lees and Seamanship in the Age of Sail by Harland and Myers.
Автор: Xavier Pastor
Издательство: Conway Maritime Press
Год издания: 2005
isbn: 1844860140
Количество страниц: 120
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
1992 marked the 500th anniversary of the European discovery of the Americas by Christopher Columbus. The details of Columbus's ships - the Santa Maria, Nina and Pinta - remain lost to historians, for the ships were built before the first manuals of shipbuilding were written, and no documentation or illustration has survived. Nevertheless, extensive research has allowed the construction of a number of replicas over the years, and those built in Spain in 1892 and 1927 are regarded as among the most realistic. The new replicas built for the 1992 celebrations are without doubt the most accurate reconstructions yet. Many years of research by Jose Martinez-Hidalgo and his successors into the naos and caravels of the 15th and 16th centuries has allowed a whole new insight into the design and construction of the famous ships of Columbus.
Автор: David Westwood
Издательство: Conway Maritime Press
Год издания: 1986
isbn: 0851773141
Количество страниц: 99
Язык: english
Формат: PDF (scan)
At 21 minutes to eight in the evening of 3 September 1939, the SS Athenia, outward bound from Liverpool to Montreal with 1400 passengers, was struck by a torpedo. This was the first attack in the Second World War to be made by the German Navy, and the torpedo was fired by U30, a Type VII U-boat, commissioned in 1936. On 10 July 1945, the British steam fishing boat Kned was sunk by mine off Lizard Head, in a minefield laid in August 1944 by U 218, a VIID U-boat, commissioned in 1942. Thus the German naval war began and ended in submarine action. Despite the operations carried out by the more glamorous surface ships, such as Bismarck, GrafSpee, Scharnhorst and Tirpitz, the major effort of this war was made by the Submarine Arm, which began hostilities with 57 boats, of which just 18 were Type VIIs. At that time (September 1939) neither side had an inkling of what effect these boats would have as hostilities continued for five years and nine months, although Britain had instituted convoy sailing as early as August that year. Admiral Raeder, Commander-in-Chief of the German Navy, and Admiral Donitz, Commander of the Submarine Arm, were agreed at the time that the German Navy could contribute little to the war apart from showing that its men knew 'how to die gallantly'.
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