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World Spatial Metadata Standards: Scientific and Technical Characteristics, and Full Descriptions with Crosstable |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки |
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Автор: Harold Moellering, H.J.Aalders, Aaron Crane
Издательство: Pergamon
Год издания: 2005
isbn: 0080439497
Количество страниц: 710
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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It consists of an Introduction and six Regional Summary chapters that describe the spatial metadata activities happening in Europe, North America, Asia/Pacific, Latin America, Africa/Middle East, and the ISO community. These chapters provide the broader context and description of the milieu in which these standards operate, so that the reader can more easily understand the scientific and technical framework from whence a particular standard has emerged. The third section is a complete listing of all of the three levels of scientific and technical characteristics, and their meaning by the inclusion of a set of definitions for metadata terms used in the book. The fourth section, and by far the largest, contains 22 chapters that assess each of the major national and international spatial metadata standards in the world, and also contains a few representative subject matter profile derived from a major standard. They have been carried out in terms of all three levels of characteristics. Each assessment has been carried out by a Commission member who has been an active participant in the development of the standard being assessed in the native language of that standard. The fifth section contains a summary cross-table wall size summary chart that includes all 22 standards and profiles that are cross tabulated by 70 of the crucial characteristics. The columns provide a thumbnail sketch of each individual standard, while the rows facilitate a quick comparison of individual critical characteristics across all of the 22 standards and profiles. Many readers of our previous book have begun their standards evaluation process with this cross-table. |
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Singular Null Hypersurfaces in General Relativity |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Астрономия, космос |
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Автор: C.Barrabes, P.A.Hogan
Издательство: World Scientific
Год издания: 2003
isbn: 9812387374
Количество страниц: 205
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Impulsive light-like signals in General Relativity are, like any models in theoretical physics, idealised mathematical models of objects that can arise in nature. In cataclysmic astrophysical events, such as supernovae and collisions of neutron stars, the final explosion produces a burst of matter travelling with the speed of light accompanied by a burst of gravitational radiation. These are the constituents of a general impulsive light-like signal. The gravitational fields of compact objects such as black-holes or neutron stars also resemble the fields of impulsive light-like signals when the objects are boosted to the speed of light. Spherically symmetric impulsive lightlike signals are useful in the study of gravitational collapse and also in providing classical models of quantum phenomena in black-hole physics such as Hawking radiation and the entropy of a black-hole. Impulsive lightlike signals play a central role in modeling black-hole production in highenergy collisions. |
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Plastics, Rubber and Health |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Химические науки |
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Автор: Guneri Akovali
Издательство: Smithers Rapra Technology Ltd
Год издания: 2007
isbn: 1847350828
Количество страниц: 327
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Plastics and rubbers are two very different, important materials in this modern age that are needed and used a great deal in our everyday life, both in the indoors and the outdoors of our living spaces. However, there is still, controversy almost all the time, about the use of certain ones and hence there is somewhat of a misconception surrounding the use of these materials, with certain beliefs and scare stories about their possible negative effects on human health; i.e., the belief that any form of PVC use can cause cancer. However, today, it is known that it is not PVC itself, but its monomer, vinyl chloride, and certain special additives incorporated with it (i.e., certain phthalates used as plasticisers), which are responsible for these negative effects. And the reality is such that, PVC is being used as blood bags in medical applications successfully, with no problems. Hence, the separation line of ‘whether something is toxic and harmful to health’ or ‘not’, (and if it is, under which conditions) is a very critical issue and therefore, |
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Optical Fibre Devices |
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Категория: Технические науки » Другие технические науки |
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Автор: J-P Goure, I.Verrier
Издательство: Institute of Physics Publishing
Год издания: 2002
isbn: 0750308117
Количество страниц: 284
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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The rapid acceptance of fibre optics technology in commercial systems applications has brought forward an increased need for guided wave optical components (passive and active) which permit coupling, multiplexing and demultiplexing, switching and distributing of light signals propagating in optical waveguides. Optical components such as light sources fibre couplers, splices, connectors, directional couplers, multiplexers, switches and modulators are essential elements for transmission and sensing systems. Splices and connectors between fibres are important because splice losses remain a factor of primary importance in existing and future fibre optics network design. In the search for simplicity, all-fibre components associated with optical functions have recently received considerable attention, mainly because of the strong potential benefits such components may play in the field of light wave technology, including optical fibre communications, opto-electronic signal processing and optical fibre sensing. Devices constructed from optical fibres may have advantages such as low insertion loss due to circular symmetry. |
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Plant Food Allergens |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Биохимия. Биофизика |
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Автор: E.N.Clare Mills
Издательство: Blackwell Science
Год издания: 2004
isbn: 0632059826
Количество страниц: 240
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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This book is concerned with a paradox of immense, potentially life-threatening significance to about 1 in 100 adults and nearly 1 in 10 children, within the European Union. The paradox is that certain nutritious proteins from wholesome foods can act as if they were harmful, sometimes deadly, poisons to otherwise normal people unfortunate enough to possess a food allergy. And, although immunologists have been occupied with the whole problem of allergy throughout the twentieth century, we enter the twenty-first century with a vast number of questions still unanswered. Whilst the lives of food-allergic patients have certainly been improved through the understanding gained so far, an allergic individual is still haunted by the ever-present threat of inadvertent exposure to the allergen – an event that could have devastating consequences. The impact of this constant fear on the lives of caring parents with a food-allergic child, for example, is immense, and can only be appreciated by those who have experienced at first hand the torment involved. There can be no doubt that food allergy is a major, unsolved problem of great economic, social and personal significance. And the problem is getting even worse, because of the current trend in the developed world for an increasing diversity of foods to be routinely available, with an ever-increasing variety of complex recipes and formulations. |
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Turbulence - A Tentative Dictionary |
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Категория: Естественные науки » Физико-математические науки » Физика |
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Автор: P.Tabeling and O.Cardoso
Издательство: Plenum Press
Год издания: 1994
isbn: 0306449986
Количество страниц: 159
Язык: english
Формат: DJVU
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The present volume comprises the contributions of some of the participants of the NATO Advance Studies Institute "Turbulence, Weak and Strong", held in Cargese, in August 1994. More than 70 scientists, from seniors to young students, have joined together to discuss and review new (and not so new) ideas and developments in the study of turbulence. One of the objectives of the School was to incorporate, in the same meeting, two aspects of turbulence, which are obviously linked, and which are often treated separately: fully developed turbulence (in two and three dimensions) and weak turbulence (essentially one and two-dimensional systems). Decaying two-dimensional turbulence refers to the solution ot the two-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equation as an unforced initial value problem. This is an instructive counterpoint to the complementary problem of forced two-dimensional turbulence. In both cases one is concerned with high Reynolds number flows in which inertia dominates the other processes (viscosity and forcing) over many decades of length scales. |
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Cholera: The Biography |
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Категория: Медицина, здравоохранение » Прочая медицинская литература |
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Автор: Christopher Hamlin
Издательство: Oxford University Press
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 019954624X
Количество страниц: 355
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Cholera struck: the term is especially apposite. It could be anticipated, for its pandemics approached slowly. For most of the nineteenth century it could not reliably be prevented, avoided, or cured. For most of the twentieth, it could be (and was often) avoided; it could be (but was not always) prevented or cured. But what it did, it can do again. Cholera did not merely kill, and rapidly, but it distorted lives and bodies. It took hold, drawing out the body’s heat, twisting muscles into spasms and cramps, producing insatiable thirst but taking away voice. It liquefi ed a body as fl uids streamed uncontrollably and insensibly from both ends. It quickly wrung the water from the body, leaving a shriveled form and thickened blood. All this in a few hours. |
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The Foundations of American Citizenship |
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Категория: Экономика. Бизнес. Управление » Государственное и муниципальное управление |
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Автор: Richard C.Sinopoli
Издательство: Oxford University Press
Год издания: 1992
isbn: 0195070674
Количество страниц: 224
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau wrote in his first published discourse that "we have physicists, geometers, chemists, astronomers, poets . . . [but] we no longer have citizens."1 In so doing, he pointed to a long-standing, probably eternal, problem of political life. How does an individual reconcile private capacities and goals with the duties—and opportunities—of public life? Rousseau's solution, by and large, consists of a campaign of education and socialization, reminiscent of the Spartans, to remind each and every member of the political community that the good of the community takes precedence over that of any of its members. If you are a poet, Rousseau suggests, your poetry should laud the country that enabled you to develop your gifts. If you are a chemist, your life's work should be put at the service of the community. Each person, is in a sense, public property. Whatever your particular gifts, you are first and foremost a citizen and, as such, you should not only serve the state in your particular occupation but should take an active part in its governance. |
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Auricular Acupuncture Diagnosis |
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Категория: Медицина, здравоохранение » Восточная медицина |
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Автор: Marco Romoli
Издательство: Churchill Livingstone
Год издания: 2009
isbn: 0443068666
Количество страниц: 320
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Nowadays, with so many sophisticated diagnostic tools at our disposal (ultrasonography, CT, MRI, PET and so on), it may seem unrealistic to rely on simple procedures such as the inspection and palpation of the auricle for diagnosis. However, despite great progress made in medical technologies, all practitioners need to make physical and psychological contact with patients. The ear lends itself well to this: through this small appendage of the body we can gain an overview of functional and psychosomatic disorders which cannot be investigated with conventional techniques. |
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Crocodiles |
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Категория: Биологические науки » Зоология позвоночных. Животные » Батрахология. Земноводные |
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Автор: Rodney Steel
Издательство: Christopher Helm
Год издания: 1989
isbn: 0747030073
Количество страниц: 222
Язык: english
Формат: PDF
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Today, crocodiles cling only precariously to their tropical homelands. Lacking the appeal of fur-bearing mammals, they have a low popularity rating in conservation terms, and are still frequently treated only as dangerous vermin. Yet these largely unloved creatures are among the most remarkable of all so-called living fossils. Had they failed to survive into the modern world, their petrified bones would have been just as much a source of wonder and speculation as the skeletons of their close relatives, the dinosaurs. |
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